Enterprise Structure

In SAP Human Capital Management (HCM), the Enterprise Structure is a fundamental concept that outlines the organizational framework within an organization. It provides the foundation for various HR processes and modules in SAP HCM. The SAP HCM Enterprise Structure consists of several key elements that help organize and manage human resources effectively. These elements include:

1. **Client**: In SAP, a client represents a separate environment or instance of the system. It's used to segregate data and configurations for different purposes, such as development, testing, and production.

2. **Company Code**: The company code is a legal entity that represents an independent accounting unit within an organization. Each company code has its own financial accounting and reporting data.

3. **Personnel Area**: A personnel area is a unit within the company that's used for HR-related purposes, such as time management, payroll, and personnel administration. It's often linked to a specific geographic location.

4. **Personnel Subarea**: A personnel subarea represents a more detailed subdivision within a personnel area. It can be used to differentiate various locations, departments, or workgroups.

5. **Employee Group**: Employee groups are used to categorize employees based on shared characteristics, such as salaried employees, hourly workers, contractors, etc.

6. **Employee Subgroup**: Employee subgroups provide further categorization within an employee group. They define specific attributes like employment type, pay scale, work schedule, and more.

7. **Organizational Units**: Organizational units in SAP HCM correspond to departments, divisions, or other structural units within the organization. These units help define the reporting hierarchy and organizational relationships.

8. **Position**: A position in SAP HCM represents a specific job role within an organizational unit. It's used to assign employees to roles and track vacancies.

9. **Jobs**: Jobs define standardized roles or positions that are similar across the organization. They help streamline processes such as recruitment, compensation, and performance management.

10. **Cost Center**: Cost centers are used to manage and track costs related to specific organizational units or projects. They are often tied to specific departments or functions.

11. **Work Center**: Work centers represent physical locations where work is performed, such as offices, factories, or stores.

These elements work together to create a hierarchical structure within SAP HCM, allowing organizations to manage human resources, payroll, time management, and other HR processes effectively. The enterprise structure also supports workflows, reporting, and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.

Keep in mind that SAP HCM has undergone significant changes with the introduction of SAP SuccessFactors, a cloud-based HCM solution. As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, SAP SuccessFactors has become the primary HCM solution offered by SAP. However, it's important to verify with up-to-date sources for any changes that might have occurred since then.

SAP HEADER AND ITEM TABLE LIST

As an ABAP developer, you may find the following SAP tables useful for handling headers and items in various modules:

1.  Sales and Distribution (SD):

               Header: VBAK (Sales Document: Header Data)

               Item: VBAP (Sales Document: Item Data)

2.   Materials Management (MM):

               Header: EKKO (Purchasing Document Header)

               Item: EKPO (Purchasing Document Item)

3.  Production Planning (PP):

               Header: AFKO (Order Header Data PP Orders)

               Item: AFPO (Order Item)

4.  Financial Accounting (FI):

               Header: BKPF (Accounting Document Header)

               Item: BSEG (Accounting Document Segment) 

5.  Controlling (CO):

               Header: COBK (CO Object: Document Header)

               Item: COEP (CO Object: Line Items (by Period))

6.  Project System (PS):

               Header: PRPS (Project - Master Data)

               Item: PSPNR (Standard WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) Element Master Data)

7.   Human Resources (HR):

               Header: PA0001 (HR Master Record: Infotype 0001 (Organizational Assignment))

               Item: PA0002 (HR Master Record: Infotype 0002 (Personal Data))

 

8.  Customer Relationship Management (CRM):

               Header: CRMD_ORDERADM_H (Header: Order in CRM)

               Item: CRMD_ORDERADM_I (Item: Order in CRM)

 

9.  Supplier Relationship Management (SRM):

               Header: BBP_PDIGP (SRM Purchase Order Distribution General Data)

               Item: BBP_PDSIGP (SRM Purchase Order Distribution Item Data)

10.  Plant Maintenance (PM):

               Header: IH01 (Maintenance Orders: Header Data)

               Item: IH02 (Maintenance Orders: Operations)

SAP ERP - LIST OF COMMONLY USED TABLES

 SAP has a vast number of modules and functionalities, each with its own set of commonly used tables. Providing a comprehensive list of all commonly used tables for every SAP module would be quite extensive. However, I can provide you with a general overview of some major SAP modules and some of the commonly used tables within each module:

Here is a list of commonly used SAP Material Management (MM) tables:

EKKO - Purchase Order Header

EKPO - Purchase Order Item

MARA - Material Master General Data

MVKE - Sales Data for Material

EBAN - Purchase Requisition

EINA - Accounting: Purchasing Info Record- General Data

EINE - Accounting: Purchasing Info Record- Purchasing Organization Data

MEINS - Units of Measure

EKBE - History per Purchasing Document

EBELN - Purchase Document Number

T163W - Texts for Purchasing Document

EKKN - Account Assignment in Purchasing Document

EKRS - Scheduling Agreement Schedule Lines

Here is a list of commonly used SAP Sales and Distribution (SD) tables:

VBAK - Sales Document: Header Data

VBAP - Sales Document: Item Data

VBUK - Sales Document: Header Status and Administrative Data

VBRP - Billing Document: Item Data

KNA1 - Customer Master: General Data

LFA1 - Vendor Master: General Data

TVAK - Sales Document: Partner Data

TVKBT - Billing Document: Header Data

TVKON - Billing Document: Header Status and Administrative Data

TVRP - Billing Document: Item Data

VBRK - Billing Document: Header Data

MARA - Material Master: General Data

MAKT - Material Master: Description

MKPF - Material Document Header

MVKE - Sales Data for Material

VTTK - Delivery Header

VTTK_H - Delivery Item Header

VTTP - Delivery Item

VBAK_VKO - Customer Master: Sales Data

Note: This is not an exhaustive list and the actual tables used may vary based on the specific requirements and customizations of a SAP SD implementation.

Here is a list of commonly used SAP Plant Maintenance (PM) tables:

IW32 - Change Notification

IW33 - Change Notification: Task List

IW39 - Work Order

IW32I - Change Notification: Long Texts

IW32W - Change Notification: Work Center Assignment

IW33W - Change Notification: Work Center Assignment

IW39W - Work Order: Work Center Assignment

IW39A - Work Order: Components

IW39B - Work Order: Labor

IW39C - Work Order: Cost

IW39D - Work Order: Cost Centers

PMRWB - Routing with Operation

PMEVC - Maintenance Event for Equipment

PMEVC_OP - Operation in Maintenance Event

PMEVC_FL - PM Event: Order Functions

PMEVC_FLOC - Order Function Assignment to Objects

PMEVC_PROJ - Maintenance Project

Note: This is not an exhaustive list and the actual tables used may vary based on the specific requirements and customizations of a SAP PM implementation.

Here is a list of commonly used SAP (HCM) module tables:

SAP Human Capital Management (HCM) module consists of various tables that store employee-related data, organizational structures, payroll information, and more. Here is a list of some commonly used SAP HCM tables:

PA0001 - Organizational Assignment

PA0002 - Personal Data

PA0006 - Addresses

PA0007 - Planned Working Time

PA0008 - Basic Pay

PA0009 - Bank Details

PA0014 - Recurring Payments and Deductions

PA0105 - Communication

PA0128 - Benefits

PA0167 - Previous Employers

PA0207 - Personal Relationships

PA0302 - Actions

PA0402 - Cost Distribution

PA2001 - Fast Entry for Events

PA2006 - Time Constraint Classes

PA2093 - Wage Type Texts

T001P - Personnel Areas

T001W - Payroll Areas

T500P - Personnel Subareas

T500R - Payroll Subareas

T512T - Deduction Texts

T513 - Deduction Rules

T510 - Wage Type Groups

T549A - Deduction Rules

T549Q - Deduction Overrides

Please note that the names and purposes of these tables may vary depending on the specific version and configuration of your SAP system. Also, keep in mind that SAP HCM has evolved over time, and new tables may have been introduced or existing ones modified in later versions. It's always recommended to consult your SAP documentation or system administrator for the most accurate and up-to-date information.

Here is a list of commonly used SAP (PP) module tables:

SAP Production Planning (PP) module encompasses various tables that store information related to production planning, manufacturing processes, bill of materials, work centers, and more. Here is a list of some commonly used SAP PP module tables:

MARC - Plant Data for Material

MAST - Material to BOM Link

MAPL - Assignment of Task Lists to Materials

PLKO - Task List - Header

PLPO - Task List - Operations

PLMK - Task List - Material Allocation

STKO - BOM Header

STPO - BOM Item

CRHD - Work Center Header

CRCA - Work Center Capacity Allocation

AFKO - Order Header Data PP Orders

AFPO - Order Item

RESB - Reservation/Dependent Requirements

AFVC - Operation within an Order

MDKP - Header Data for MRP Document

MDVM - Planning File Entries for Independent Requirements

MDKP - Header Data for MRP Document

MDVM - Planning File Entries for Independent Requirements

PACL - Control of Operations

TCOBX - Predefined Selection for Confirmation

TC32 - Descriptions of Standard Profiles

TC23 - Allocate Std. Profiles in Routing

TC04 - Transaction-Specific Parameters

TCX03 - Control Table for Operation/Activity Control

TC11 - CAPP Profiles

Please note that the table names and their purposes may vary based on the specific version and configuration of your SAP system. Additionally, SAP PP has evolved over time, and new tables may have been introduced or existing ones modified in later versions. Always refer to your SAP documentation or consult with your system administrator for the most accurate and up-to-date information.

Here is a list of commonly used Plant Maintenance (PM) & Project System (PS) modules tables:

SAP Plant Maintenance (PM) and Project System (PS) modules have several tables that store data related to maintenance activities, project planning, scheduling, and more. Here's a list of some commonly used tables in the SAP PM and PS modules:

SAP PM Module Tables:

EQUI - Equipment Master Data

IFLO - Functional Location Master Data

MAST - Material to BOM Link (for Equipment BOMs)

MAST_V - Material BOM (for Equipment BOMs)

ORDERS - Maintenance Orders

AUFK - Order Master Data

AFVC - Operation within an Order

CRHD - Work Center Header

CRCA - Work Center Capacity Allocation

CRVD_B - Document Link (for Equipment, Functional Location, and Material)

RESB - Reservation/Dependent Requirements

MSEG - Document Segment: Material

MARC - Plant Data for Material

MARV - Material Control Record

PLPO - Task List - Operations

PLKO - Task List - Header

TPLNR - Task List Group

T350 - Work Centers

T370 - Work Center Categories

TC24 - Control Key for PM Orders

TC25 - Parameters for Automatic Scheduling

T351 - Priority Types

T352 - Interval for Maintenance Plans

SAP PS Module Tables:

PRPS - Project Definition

PRPSS - Project Definition (for Summarization)

PROJ - Project Information System: Object Table

AFVC - Operation within an Order (for Projects)

AUFK - Order Master Data (for Projects)

PRTE - Standard Networks

AFVC - Operation within an Order (for Networks)

AFVC - Operation within an Order (for WBS Elements)

AFAB - Network Relationships

AFRV - Confirmations

PLAF - Planned Order

PLPO - Task List - Operations (for Networks)

PLKO - Task List - Header (for Networks)

PSMERK - Characteristics for Summarization (for PS)

TCJ02 - Authorization for Project Elements

TCJ20 - Profiles for Summarization (for PS)

TCJ21 - Field Selection for Summarization (for PS)

Please note that the availability and usage of these tables may vary based on the specific version and configuration of your SAP system. Also, SAP PM and PS modules have evolved over time, so there may be new tables introduced or existing ones modified in later versions. It's recommended to refer to your SAP documentation or consult with your system administrator for the most accurate and up-to-date information.

Here is a list of commonly used SAP Financial Accounting (FI) and Controlling (CO) modules tables:

SAP Financial Accounting (FI) and Controlling (CO) modules involve a multitude of tables that store data related to financial transactions, cost centers, profit centers, general ledger, and more. Below is a list of some commonly used tables in the SAP FI and CO modules:

SAP FI Module Tables:

BSEG - Accounting Document Segment

BKPF - Accounting Document Header

SKA1 - G/L Account Master (Chart of Accounts)

SKB1 - G/L Account Master (Company Code)

T001 - Company Codes

T003 - Document Types

T004 - Chart of Accounts

T030 - Document Types

T052 - Tax Types

T001K - Account Control (Group Key)

T016 - Tax Codes

T030 - Document Types

T042 - Automatic Payment Program Config.

T047A - Withholding Tax Codes

SAP CO Module Tables:

CEPC - Profit Center Master Data

CSKS - Cost Centers

CSKT - Cost Center Texts

COSP - CO Object: Line Items (for Cost Centers)

CEKKO - CO-Order Header Data

CEKPO - CO-Order Item Data

COEP - CO Object: Line Items (for Internal Orders)

COKA - CO Object: Cost Elements (for Internal Orders)

COKP - CO Object: Control Data for Internal Orders

COSP - CO Object: Line Items (for Internal Orders)

COSP - CO Object: Line Items (for WBS Elements)

COSS - Cost Element Group

TKA01 - CO Versions

TCURR - Currency Exchange Rates

TCURX - Translation Factors

Please note that the table names and their purposes may vary based on the specific version and configuration of your SAP system. Additionally, SAP FI and CO modules have evolved over time, and new tables may have been introduced or existing ones modified in later versions. It's recommended to refer to your SAP documentation or consult with your system administrator for the most accurate and up-to-date information.

TYPES OF SAP PROJECTS

 SAP projects can be broadly classified into the following categories:

Implementation Projects: These are projects aimed at implementing a new SAP system, or upgrading an existing one, to support business processes and meet organizational goals.

Rollout Projects: These projects involve rolling out SAP solutions to multiple locations or countries within an organization.

Integration Projects: These projects focus on integrating SAP systems with other non-SAP systems within an organization, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), and supply chain management (SCM) systems.

Enhancement Projects: These projects aim to enhance existing SAP systems by adding new functionalities or improving existing ones.

Migration Projects: These projects involve migrating data and applications from legacy systems to SAP systems.

Optimization Projects: These projects focus on optimizing the performance and efficiency of existing SAP systems by removing bottlenecks, improving user experience, and reducing costs.

Support and Maintenance Projects: These projects involve providing ongoing support and maintenance to SAP systems to ensure they continue to meet the needs of the organization.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNAL TABLE & WORK AREA

In SAP ABAP, both work areas and internal tables are used to hold and manipulate data, but they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics. Here's the difference between a work area and an internal table:

1. Work Area:

A work area is a single record buffer that holds the data of a single row from a database table or a structure.

It is used when you need to process or manipulate one row of data at a time.

Work areas are typically declared using the TYPE statement to define the structure of the data they will hold.

Work areas are commonly used when retrieving data from a database table or for intermediate calculations.

Example of declaring and using a work area:

DATA: wa_employee TYPE ty_employee. 

SELECT * FROM zemployee INTO wa_employee WHERE emp_id = '123'. 

WRITE: / 'Employee ID:', wa_employee-emp_id, 'Name:', wa_employee-emp_name. 

2. Internal Table:

An internal table is a structured data type that can hold multiple rows of data in a tabular format, similar to a database table.

Internal tables are used when you need to work with multiple rows of data simultaneously, like in a loop or for processing results of a database query.

Internal tables can be declared using the DATA statement and the TYPE addition to define the structure of the data they will hold.

Internal tables can be of different types: standard tables, sorted tables, and hashed tables, each with its own features and performance characteristics.

Example of declaring and using an internal table:

DATA: lt_employees TYPE TABLE OF ty_employee, wa_employee TYPE ty_employee. 

SELECT * FROM zemployee INTO TABLE lt_employees WHERE salary > 50000. 

LOOP AT lt_employees INTO wa_employee.

 WRITE: / 'Employee ID:', wa_employee-emp_id, 'Name:', wa_employee-emp_name. 

ENDLOOP.

 

In summary, a work area is a single record buffer used for processing individual rows of data, while an internal table is a structured data type used for holding multiple rows of data for collective processing. The choice between using a work area and an internal table depends on the specific requirements of your ABAP program and the nature of the data you are working with.

SAP RICEF

In the context of SAP (Systems, Applications, and Products), RICEF is an acronym that stands for Reports, Interfaces, Conversions, Enhancements, and Forms. It is a framework used to categorize and manage different types of objects and developments within SAP projects. Each letter in the RICEF acronym corresponds to a specific type of object or activity in SAP project implementation. Let's break down each component: 

 

 1. **Reports**: Reports refer to customized or standard output formats that display data from the SAP system. These can include various types of analytical or operational reports that provide insights into business processes, financial data, inventory, sales, and more. 

 

 2. **Interfaces**: Interfaces involve the integration of SAP with other systems or external applications. These could be data interfaces that allow seamless data exchange between SAP and other software, databases, or platforms. Interfaces are essential for data consistency and efficient communication between different systems. 

 

 3. **Conversions**: Conversions relate to the process of migrating data from legacy systems to the SAP system. During an SAP implementation, existing data from old systems may need to be transformed, cleansed, and transferred into the SAP environment. Conversions ensure that historical data is accurately maintained in the new system. 

 

 4. **Enhancements**: Enhancements involve customizing or extending the standard functionality of SAP to meet specific business requirements. This can include developing new functionalities, modifying existing ones, or adding business logic to the SAP system. Enhancements allow organizations to tailor SAP to their unique processes.

 

 5. **Forms**: Forms encompass the design and creation of various printed or electronic documents, such as invoices, purchase orders, shipping labels, and more. SAP provides tools to design and generate these forms based on organizational needs and branding requirements. The RICEF framework is commonly used in SAP project management to categorize different development activities and ensure that all necessary aspects of an SAP implementation are addressed. By breaking down the project into these five categories, project teams can better plan, allocate resources, and manage the various tasks and deliverables associated with each type of object. 

 

  TYPES OF REPORTS IN SAP ABAP

--------------------------------------------------

 

Classical Reports: 

1. List Reports: These are simple reports that generate lists of data in tabular format. They are often used for basic data extraction and display. 

 

Interactive Reports: 

 2. Interactive ALV Reports: These reports use the ABAP List Viewer (ALV) to create interactive and user-friendly lists with features like sorting, filtering, and subtotaling. 

 

Drilldown Reports: 

 3. Drilldown ALV Reports: These reports allow users to navigate from summary information to detailed data by clicking on specific cells, enabling a hierarchical view of data.

 

Hierarchical Reports: 

 4. Tree Control Reports: These reports display data in a hierarchical or tree-like structure, useful for representing organizational structures, bills of materials, and other related data.

 

Report Variants: 

 5. Selection Screen Variants: These allow users to save and reuse different sets of input parameters for a report, making it easier to generate specific views of the data. 

 

Report Writer Reports: 

 6. Report Writer: This tool in SAP allows you to create customized reports using a drag-and-drop interface, incorporating data from various tables and InfoSets. 

 

ABAP Query Reports: 

 7. ABAP Query: Users can create ad hoc reports without coding by defining data sources, selection criteria, and layout options using a graphical interface. 

 

Smart Forms and SAPscript: 

 8. Form Printing Reports: These reports use Smart Forms or SAPscript to generate printed forms and documents like invoices, purchase orders, and labels. 

 

ALV Grid Reports: 

 9. ALV Grid: Similar to ALV reports, ALV Grid reports allow for flexible data presentation in tabular format, with options for sorting, filtering, and more. 

 

 

 Reports Using Function Modules: 

 10. Function Module Reports: These reports call predefined function modules to perform specific tasks, such as data retrieval, calculations, or updates. 

 

SAP Query Reports: 

 11. SAP Query: Users can create and modify reports using SAP Query's graphical interface, defining data sources, selection criteria, and output layouts. 

 

Analytical Reports: 

 12. BEx (Business Explorer) Queries: These reports are used in SAP BW for multidimensional analysis and data mining, enabling complex data analysis and reporting. These are just some examples of the types of reports that can be developed using SAP ABAP. The choice of report type depends on the specific requirements of the business and the end users, as well as the level of complexity and interactivity needed in the report. 

 

 TYPES OF INTERFACES IN SAP ABAP

 ----------------------------------- ------------------

 

  RFC (Remote Function Call): RFC is a mechanism that allows ABAP programs to call functions (also known as function modules) in remote systems. It enables communication between different SAP systems or between SAP and non-SAP systems. 

 

  BAPI (Business Application Programming Interface): BAPIs are predefined, standardized interfaces provided by SAP for specific business processes. They allow external applications to interact with SAP systems in a consistent and controlled manner. 

 

  IDoc (Intermediate Document): IDocs are structured data formats used for exchanging data between SAP systems and other applications. They support various document types, such as orders, invoices, and shipments. 

 

  Web Services: ABAP programs can expose web services that enable communication using open web standards like SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) and REST (Representational State Transfer). These services allow integration with various platforms and programming languages. 

 

  ALE (Application Link Enabling): ALE is a framework for exchanging data between different SAP systems or between SAP and non-SAP systems. It utilizes IDocs for data transfer and offers tools for distributing and consolidating data. 

 

  EDI (Electronic Data Interchange): EDI interfaces allow the exchange of structured business documents, such as purchase orders and invoices, between different trading partners using standard formats. 

 

  File Interfaces: ABAP programs can read from and write to files on the file system. This enables data exchange with external systems through flat files or other file formats. 

 

  HTTP and RESTful APIs: ABAP programs can make HTTP requests to external services or consume RESTful APIs, enabling integration with web-based systems and services. 

 

 OData Services: OData is a protocol for building and consuming RESTful APIs. ABAP programs can create OData services to expose and consume data in a standardized way. 

 

RFC Destinations: RFC destinations are used to define communication settings for remote function calls. They specify the connection parameters for communicating with remote systems. 

 

Proxy Objects: Proxy objects are ABAP representations of external web services. They allow ABAP programs to consume web services using a familiar ABAP syntax. 

 

External Data Access: ABAP programs can access external databases using Open SQL or Native SQL, enabling integration with non-SAP databases.

 

CONVERSIONS:

-------------------------------------

Migrating data from legacy systems to an SAP system is a critical aspect of any SAP implementation. SAP ABAP provides several techniques and tools to facilitate data migration while ensuring data accuracy and consistency. Here are some commonly used techniques for data migration in SAP ABAP

 

Batch Data Input (BDC):

 

1. BDC is a technique that involves recording transactional data entry as ABAP code and then executing this code to upload data in batches. This is particularly useful for transactional data migration.

2. BDC can be used with either the session method (BDC sessions) or the call transaction method.

 

LSMW (Legacy System Migration Workbench): 1. LSMW is a powerful tool provided by SAP for data migration. It supports various data migration objects, such as master data, transactional data, and more.

 

2. LSMW guides you through the steps of data extraction, data transformation, and data loading.

 

Direct Input Method: The Direct Input method uses standard SAP programs and screens to input data directly into the system. It simulates user interaction by populating data in SAP screen fields.

 

BAPI (Business Application Programming Interface): BAPIs are standardized interfaces provided by SAP that allow external applications to interact with SAP systems. They can be used for data migration and integration.

 

 IDoc (Intermediate Document): IDocs are structured data formats that facilitate the exchange of data between SAP systems and external systems. You can use IDocs for data migration.

BAPIs via BDC: You can use BDC techniques to call BAPIs for data migration. This approach combines the flexibility of BDC with the standardization of BAPIs.

Custom ABAP Programs: Develop custom ABAP programs to read data from legacy systems and convert it to the required format for uploading into the SAP system.

 

Data Transfer Workbench (DTW): DTW is a tool that simplifies data migration from external systems into SAP Business One. It supports various data objects and provides data mapping and transformation capabilities.

Third-Party Tools: There are third-party tools and solutions designed specifically for data migration, offering features like data extraction, transformation, cleansing, and loading.

 

SAP Data Services: SAP Data Services (part of SAP Data Intelligence) provides powerful data integration and migration capabilities, including data extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL).

ENHANCEMENTS

-----------------------------------

Enhancements allow you to customize or extend the standard functionality of SAP applications to meet specific business requirements. There are various types of enhancements available to achieve this customization. Here are some common types of enhancements in SAP ABAP:

 

User Exits: User exits are predefined points within standard SAP programs where you can add custom code. They enable you to incorporate your logic without modifying the standard SAP code directly. Examples include Customer Exits, Vendor Exits, and Sales Order Exits.

 

BAdIs (Business Add-Ins): BAdIs are object-oriented enhancements that provide a structured way to insert custom code into predefined locations within SAP applications.

BAdIs offer a more flexible and controlled way to enhance functionality compared to traditional user exits.

 

Enhancement Points and Sections: Enhancement points and sections are predefined hooks within standard SAP programs where you can insert custom code using Enhancement Framework. You can enhance specific sections of code to add your custom logic.

Enhancement Spots: Enhancement spots group related enhancement points and provide a way to organize and manage custom enhancements in a structured manner.

 

Implicit Enhancements: Implicit enhancements provide hooks within standard SAP programs where you can insert custom code without the need for explicit user exits or BAdIs. They are used when no predefined enhancement options are available.

 

Explicit Enhancements: Explicit enhancements are predefined hooks within SAP code that provide explicit interfaces for adding custom code using Enhancement Framework. These enhancements are often used in conjunction with BAdIs.

 

Customer-Provided Enhancements (CPE): SAP delivers certain enhancements that allow customers to enhance standard applications while staying within the upgrade framework.

 

Modification-Free Enhancements: Modification-Free Enhancements, introduced with Enhancement Framework, enable you to add custom code without directly modifying the standard SAP code.

 

Custom Function Modules and Classes: You can create your own function modules or classes to add specific functionality and call them from standard SAP programs.

 

Formulas and Rules: Enhancements like Formulas and Rules are used in various SAP modules to customize calculations, validations, and determinations.

Screen Exits: Screen exits allow you to add custom fields or functionality to standard SAP screens using Enhancement Framework.

 

Business Transaction Events (BTEs): BTEs are predefined events triggered during certain business transactions. They allow you to add custom logic to those transactions.

 

Workflow Enhancements: Enhance workflows by adding custom steps, rules, or conditions to meet specific business process requirements.

TYPES OF FORMS IN SAP ABAP

 ----------------------------------------------

Forms are used to design and generate printed or electronic documents, such as invoices, purchase orders, labels, and more. There are different types of forms and tools available in SAP ABAP to create and manage these documents. Here are some common types of forms:

 

Smart Forms: Smart Forms is a powerful tool in SAP ABAP used to design and create forms such as invoices, delivery notes, and purchase orders. It offers a graphical interface for designing layouts, adding text, graphics, tables, and more.

Smart Forms provide advanced features like conditional formatting, looping, and dynamic content.

 

SAPscript: SAPscript is a legacy form design tool in SAP ABAP used to create and print forms. It allows you to define the layout of forms, include text and graphics, and specify data placeholders.

 

Adobe Forms (Interactive Forms): Adobe Forms (also known as Interactive Forms) allow you to create visually appealing and interactive forms using Adobe's technology. These forms can be designed in Adobe LiveCycle Designer and integrated with SAP applications.

 

Labels and Barcodes: SAP ABAP supports the design and printing of labels and barcodes for various purposes, such as product labeling, shipping, and tracking.

Structured Text Documents: SAP ABAP allows you to create structured text documents that combine data and text, often used for generating letters or correspondence.

Check and Payment Forms: These forms are used for printing checks and payment-related documents, including check layouts and payment advice forms.

Text Modules and Text Elements: While not traditional "forms," text modules and text elements are used to create reusable text blocks that can be incorporated into various forms.

Invoice and Purchase Order Forms: Custom forms can be designed for invoices, purchase orders, and other financial documents to match specific business requirements.

Quotation and Contract Forms: Similar to invoices and purchase orders, forms for quotations and contracts can be created to standardize communication with customers and vendors.

 

HR Forms (Personnel Documents): Forms related to human resources, such as employee letters, certificates, and contracts, can be designed to streamline HR processes.

Shipping and Delivery Forms: Forms for shipping and delivery processes, including packing lists and shipping labels, can be created to improve logistics operations.

Custom Forms for Industry-Specific Processes: In addition to the standard forms, custom forms can be designed to support specific industry processes and requirements.

 

 

Overview of ERP, SAP , ABAP

1) ERP Enterprise Resource Planning Its purpose is to manage any company functions. 

 2) SAP SAP - System Application and Products for real-time data processing. or SAP - System Application and Products in real-time data processing. 

 3) History of SAP SAP was introduced by SAP AG in 1972 at Walldorf.( Germany) SAP is a German-based product. 

 4) Features of SAP a)It is an integration of all functions into one common software. b)It is a Multi-lingual software. C)It is a user-based license agreement.( requires a username and password) 

 5) SAP R/3 Architecture ( 3 - 3 tier architecture, R- Real) - SAP is a real-time architecture. Layers - Presentation Layer( User Interaction Layer) Application Layer( Writing the programs and applications) Database Layer( To store and retrieve the data). 

 6) SAP Netweaver (NW) is an integrated technology platform that can support various SAP applications. Examples -> SAP ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) SAP CRM( Customer Relationship Management) SAP SRM( Supply Relationship Management) SAP PI( Process Integration). 

 7) ABAP/4 -> Advanced Business Application Programming language. It is a 4th generation language. ABAP lies on the Application Layer. 

 8) Modules of SAP-> Functional Modules Technical Modules Functional Modules 

-> SAP SD( Sales & Distribution) 

 SAP MM( Material Management) 

 SAP PS( Project System) 

 SAP FICO( Finance & Controlling) 

 SAP HR( Human Resources) -> HCM( Human Capital Management)

 SAP WM( Warehouse Management) 

 Techical Modules-> 

 SAP BASIS -> Administration and Monitoring of SAP systems. 

 SAP ABAP -> Programming language for SAP. 

 SAP BIBO( Business Intelligence, 

9) Business Objects) -> Reporting tool 

 10) SAP system Landscape Development - Dedicated for development. Quality -> Testing Production( Live system) - Used by the customer. Development->Quality->Production Transport Request -> It is a Mechanism to transport objects from one system to another system. 

 11) SAP Logon Configuration: Description: You can put any description of the system. If we will not put any description, It is a combination of System Id and Application Server. Application Server: Enter IP address or Hostname of SAP application server. Instance number: The instance number of the SAP system which is defined during SAP installation. It is of 2 characters long.It varies from 00 to 99. System ID(SID): System id is a unique identification code for every SAP system which is defined during SAP Installation. It is 3 characters long. Example: S4H,A4H etc. 

 12) ABAP Workbench -> It is a collection of ABAP tools. SE38 -> Program/Report SE11-> ABAP Dictionary SE37 -> Function Module SE24-> Class 

 13) Transaction Code -> It is a shortcut to access ABAP workbench tools. Examples: /nxxxx - to call Transaction xxxx( override the existing session) /oxxxx - to Call Transaction xxxx in a new Session /NEX -> to close all the sessions /n -> to cancel a session /o- Display an Overview of sessions 

 14) User can open a maximum of 6 sessions. 

 15) F4 Help -> It tells us what are the various possible values for any Input field. F1 Help -> It gives us the technical information of any field/column.